Speech Issues- Articulation and Phonology: Difficulty producing certain speech sounds, substitution of one sound for another, omission/addition of sounds,
distortion of sounds or indistinct speech.
- Fluency: Fluency refers to how sounds, syllables, words, and phrases
flow together when speaking. A fluency disorder may also be referred to
as “stuttering.”
- Dysarthria: A speech disorder caused by weak muscles due to brain
damage. Individuals may have slurred speech, abnormal breathing
patterns, voice/resonance impairments, or difficulty controlling rate of
speech.
- Apraxia of Speech: Difficulty in the coordination, planning or programming of speech movements without muscle weakness.
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Language Problems- Aphasia: Typically caused by stroke or head trauma, aphasia is an
inability to understand or produce language because of damage to certain
areas of the brain.
- Cognitive-Communication Deficit: Difficulties with attention,
memory, problem-solving, organization, reasoning or social skills. These
individuals may struggle to complete daily tasks at home, school or work.
Common causes include brain damage, dementia, or stroke.
- Language-based learning difficulties: Often impacting literacy
development, these neurological differences affect skills such as reading, spelling, writing, understanding, or expressing thoughts.
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Related Disorders- Swallowing: Referred to as dysphagia, a swallowing disorder impacts
the ability to chew or swallow successfully, resulting in choking,
aspiration, weight loss or pneumonia.
- Voice: Voice difficulties include hoarseness, breathiness, abnormal pitch/
resonance, impaired loudness, or other qualities that impact vocal
function.
- Augmentative/Alternative Communication (AAC): Children and
adults with communication disorders may benefit from using additional
devices or techniques to facilitate interaction with their environment.
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